Iago’s Soliloquies and Intentions Essay -- William Shakespeare, Othell

Iago’s Soliloquies and Intentions In each play, there is in any event one character that hops off the page and asks for your consideration. In The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare, this character is Iago. Iago is a mischievous man, a liar, a controller, and a mental case. It appears Shakespeare built up a twisted character yet not one that is unbelievable. I feel like we have a lot of Iago’s in today’s society. Numerous legislators appear to fit into this classification, controlling individuals for control purpose. Be that as it may, to me the most intriguing sociopath of all, is in the play Othello. In this play, Iago is Othello’s confided in ensign. In any case, Iago isn't what he depicts himself to be, to the characters in the play. In his discourses, he solely uncovers to the crowd his mal goal. He double-crosses Othello in the most tricky manners, mishandling Othello’s trust. Plotting against him, Iago looks for retribution on an accidental Othello. One would reason that Iago would have thought process behind his merciless and expound plans. In any case, it appears that Iago perpetrated these irreverent violations, for power, for psychopathic reasons, and for sport. He has shown his control over Othello by demonstrating to himself, that he could in reality misuse people around him, twisting what they accept to be valid. We will investigate Iago’s monologues, dismember them, and find his arrangements. Iago, the conspicuous reprobate in this romantic tale gone cluster. Gives us his genuine nature from the earliest starting point of the play. In act one scene one, Iago is talking with Roderigo, he trusts in Roderigo letting him know â€Å"I know my value; I merit no more regrettable a place†. Here Iago is holding himself in high respect in an exceedingly prideful way. He ... ...ful recently marry couple and demolished them. In some regard, you need to respect how really naughty Iago is. He takes the honest Desdemona and making her look so liable when she did outright nothing incorrectly. He effectively persuaded Othello that Desdemona was unfaithful to him, to such an extent that Othello slaughters his honest spouse. Iago gets his title of lieutenant if just for a second, and his retribution against Othello. Iago all through the play utilizes his control of words to obliterate everyone around him. At long last, his arrangement was revealed, anyway it was past the point of no return the deeds were finished. Iago has the last chuckle, his endowment of language he minds his own business Request me nothing. What you know, you know. From this time forward I never will express word. He snickers realizing that he will never give the others the fulfillment of knowing why he did this. Abhorrent is triumphant toward the finish of Othello.

Anti-semitism In The Merchant Of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

Hostile to Semitism in The Merchant of Venice It is my solid conviction that the play, "The Merchant of Venice", ought to be instructed in classes. On the off chance that this play was prohibited from schools it would definitely be a type of control. While minors rights are fairly constrained when it comes to one side, I imagine that even Minors ought not be edited from this composition. The play shows us partiality, and why it isn't right. Individuals would see how everybody was harmed at once or another by a partiality, regardless of whether it was the Christians ridiculing Shylock or Shylock demonstrating his partiality to the Christian's. I envision that anybody watching, tuning in or perusing this play would perceive how everybody was harmed, and would learn of bigotry's flawed reason's for passing judgment on somebody. A few people would have you believe that the play itself is bigot, and gives a discussion wherein prejudice can develop and turn out to be just a more concerning issue. I believe this is a defective perspective on. I consider the to be as a encounter of an advanced issue which society despite everything faces. Instead of giving a gathering to prejudice to develop, the play gives a discussion to hostile to bigotry conversation, if every single legitimate advance are taken. At the point when I state if every single legitimate advance are taken, I am alluding to having this play educated by an instructor, who can clarify the plays significance in it's fullest with the goal that the understudies don't miss any significant focuses from it. Another point that may have been missed when the introduction was made to the educational committee to restrict the material from being instructed inside the educational system was that everybody is terrible in the play. The Christians depiction was similarly as terrible as the Jewish man, Shylock's depiction. Actually I believe that the play gave a more regrettable depiction of the Christian's since they wound up being the most abhorrent, through removing everything that Shylock had and causing him to get Christian. While Shylock wanted to murder somebody, the discipline conjured on him was even more awful. As should be obvious, there are numerous reasons why "The Merchant of Venice" ought to be instructed in study halls. A. Whitney Griswold said in a discourse (1952), "Books won't remain restricted. They won't consume. Thoughts won't go to prison. Over the long haul of history, the control and the inquisitor have consistently lost.

The women question in Middlemarch Essay Example

The ladies question in Middlemarch Paper She loathed anything which advised her that her moms father had been a landlord (pg 101). She effectively tries to build her social remaining by wedding Lydgate, a specialist, a man of good birth. From the start, Lydgate appeared to avoid Rosamond, however she before long got her prey and allured Lydgate into proposing to her. When hitched, Rosamond prepared herself into the model upper-white collar class woman, she played the piano, took up portraying, dressed fittingly, and read books and verse. She was additionally fixated on material products; her fixation for everything costly in the end started to separate the marriage and end up being the downfall of their relationship and way of life. This demonstrates a huge distinction in characters among Dorethea and Rosamond, while one is driven by cash, the different surrenders of a tremendous measure of cash for adoration. However, despite the fact that they are totally different, they are still fundamentally the same as in their association with the perfect lady. We will compose a custom exposition test on The ladies question in Middlemarch explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The ladies question in Middlemarch explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The ladies question in Middlemarch explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As females, the two ladies are relied upon to follow certain standards that ruin their own destinations, material in Rosamonds and scholarly in Doretheas, and albeit the two ladies need to be free, they are both dependant on the guys in their lives and submit to social orders desires. The Garth family ladies are two prevailing characters inside Middlemarch, yet both totally different in their view towards marriage and the womens job inside society. Mrs Garth was an educator before she was hitched, she is liberal and canny, however clings to the conviction that ladies should subordinate their inclinations to those of men. She is exceptionally cliché of a Victorian lady. In part 24, it tends to be obviously observed exactly how run of the mill of societys convictions of ladies she is Mrs Garth at specific hours was consistently in the kitchen, and toward the beginning of today she was carrying on a few occupations without a moment's delay making her pies at the all around scoured arrangement on the table on one side of that vaporous room, watching Sallys developments at the stove and batter tub through an open entryway, and offering exercises to her most youthful kid and young lady, who were remaining inverse to her with their books and records before them (pg 244). While instructing her kids she shows extraordinary characteristics of a subordinate lady and appears to give specific consideration to her child as opposed to her little girl, in truth when her child hypes she is by all accounts useful towards him yet when her little girl hypes she reprimands her. Mrs Garth is the model ladies in Middlemarch, running a glad and fruitful family, playing the hovering and committed spouse to her significant other and bringing up and teaching her youngsters well. Mrs Garths little girl Mary Garth isn't so subordinate to the standards of society. Mary is in actuality the direct inverse of characters, for example, Rosamond. Mary is an exceptionally plain young lady, she appears to be excessively be entirely reasonable and helpful. Mary gains her own living as a house servant for Mr Featherstone, which is worthy in the public arena yet just because of the way that Mr Featherstone is a family member. She is a steadfast individual, Mr Featherstone is very remorseless to Mary however she remains by him and is devoted to her chief, perhaps she accepted she has no other decision all things considered, ah, it feels good to be back home is the appropriate trimming for young ladies (pg 116). In spite of the fact that Mary was extremely cunning, having a decent training from her mom and was an exceptionally steadfast lady, she would in any case not be viewed as reasonable spouse material for most of men in Middlemarch. The way that she is plain, works for her bread and isn't the run of the mill subordinate ladies implies she would not be acknowledged. One man in Middlemarch adores Mary for the ladies she is, Fred Vincy. Fred battles for the consideration of Mary all through the novel yet is thumped back on a few events because of the way that he needs to turn into a pastor and neglects to get himself a consistent occupation. This however is a man centric view to have and could be viewed as a logical inconsistency for Marys benefit. She did in the end wed Fred and her condition appeared to spare Fred from a troubled capture in an occupation he wouldnt have delighted in. Their marriage was fruitful not normal for that of Dorethea and Casaubon and Roasamond and Lydgate, perhaps this was because of the way that they wedded for affection and not for social steadiness. Middlemarch society was characterized by the thoughts of what individuals of every sexual orientation ought to do inside the general public, and individuals, particularly ladies, who stray from this standard are looked downward on. George Elliot herself carried on with an extreme life, yet this isn't generally depicted in any of the characters in Middlemarch. She started composing this novel in 1869, yet her composing depended on English life during the 1830s. From the 1860s, be that as it may, more straightforward weight as the womens development had been gathering quality. A progression of battles to broaden womens rights and openings, drove by a prominent gathering of working class women's activists, created discussions and enactment on prostitution, womens instruction, separate, property rights, and the endure age (Harrison 1990, pg 169). You would believe that George Elliot living in such an extreme time and carried on with an extreme life would have included all the more impressive or non subordinate ladies into her novel. Possibly she was attempting to compose consistent with the time the novel was set in? The tale is loaded with male centric society from prevailing guys controlling society and the lives of their spouses, to ladies filling in as house servants and wedding for cash and status. George Elliot does appears to take a gander at the manner by which ladies lived in a working class male centric culture yet she doesn't manage the ladies question as it impacts the remainder of society outside of Middlemarch or even the center classs. In spite of the fact that according to todays perusers, the ladies in Middlemarch may not appear to be radical, the unpredictable story lines and connections inside the novel were eccentric for the time in which they were written in. Nineteenth century ladies scholars were commonly kept to expounding on ordinary sentiment, which is the reason Mary Anne Evans composed under the name of George Elliot. Doubtlessly this is the greatest key to exactly the amount George Elliot or Mary Anne Evans worried about the ladies question, the sheer reality that was happy to adjust to male predominance in the public eye and change her name must imply that she was not as fundamentally women's activists as apportion of pundits like to accept. List of sources Elliot, G (1994) Middlemarch, London: Penguin Books Harrison, J (2002) Late Victorian Britain 1875 1901, New York: Routledge Marsden, G (1990) Victorian Values, Essex: Longman Group Ltd Nead, L (1988) Myths of Sexuality, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd Peck, J (1992) Middlemarch Contemporary Critical Essays, London: Macmillan Education Ltd Thompson (1999) Victorian Women Writers and the Women Question, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Solving the Social Media Usage Issue - Free Essay Example

Social media was created to further the future in technological excellence. It was created to, simply, make our lives easier than previous. It has become very helpful with communicating with others without having to be there in person. This is a wonderful concept for businesses and companies alike, having to only have a decent internet connection to hold a meeting of great importance. It is inexpensive and easy to use once directed how. However, with the pros comes some cons. Social media is not only being used by companies and businesses, but they are being used by younger and older generations for entertainment purposes. Applications such as Snapchat, Facebook, Instagram, and Youtube are just a few of the entertainment services. These services are being used way too much, and are the main focus of the younger generations who grow up with this technology. Instead of using their brains, the younger generations are depending on this new technology to solve their real life problems. Humanity is becoming more and more dependant on technology and it is only going to grow. Numerous amounts of social media applications are sprouting up every second in app stores for all phones, tablets, etc. Every moment, there is someone picking up their phone to either call, text, post something on social media, or even to only scroll through these applications to keep themselves entertained. Social media tends to drag people in and almost hypnotizes them into a trance they cannot escape with encouragement from outside sources, such as parents in cases with children and young teens. Social media use needs to be limited with multiple methods, such as limiting the younger generations use of the technology, reducing the amount of time should be allowed on an platform, and divert the attention of the person back to something better in their life. In terms of social media use, the first group everyone tends to see is the younger generations, young children and young adults. Depending on the application, there is a higher percentage being used by the younger generations. For example, a platform like Snapchat would be more popular among the age group of 18 to 24. It is a very low percentage with it comes to the older generations, around the ages 30 to 50+ (Smith). The younger generations are a very large percentage of the data collected for platforms that are newer, as well. These applications include Youtube at 94%, Instagram at 71%, and Facebook at 80% (Smith). In all, younger generations are responsible for most of the percentages of usage, however, they are not the only ones accumulating the total usage. The older generation is also a factor in rising rates of social media usage. It may not be on the same level as the younger generation, but they definitely add to the total amount. When Facebook was created in 2004, it became the largest known social media to be used of that year, and years to come (The history of social media: Social networking evolution!). Today, Facebook is still the largest social media website on the internet, having a wide range of people using it, coming from multiple states, countries, and continents. This website would set the bar for all other platforms to come (The history of social media: Social networking evolution!). Back in 2004, the generation at the time would be the ones attracted to this new piece of technology, since MySpace, Six Degrees, and AOL. Its popularity skyrocketed and, since then, has been the largest populated social media website. It would only make sense that older generations would be attracted to this website since it has the old co ncepts of starting online platforms. It is a simplistic forum that even the oldest grandparents can navigate with a little bit of guidance. However, this does not mean that the emotions of the ones using these platforms are exactly happy. Social media can affect the emotional balance of humans brains, and cause them to feel overstressed or overjoyed depending on the post (Lin 2017). However, this is only a total statistic for Facebook, however this does not equal the entire life that is on the internet. All of the internet runs on statistics, including how many people of the internet use social media. Facebook has the highest rate of usage on mobile phones at 90.6%, Instagram is the second with 62.8%, Facebook messenger is third with 59.6%, and the fourth is Twitter at 37.7% (Most popular mobile social networking apps in the united states as of july 2018). These statistics show that users are using this social media as a whole, and continue to use it as the years go on. Before these were taken this year, last years statistics were even less. This shows that the younger generations are making themselves known on these platforms, and using these a lot more frequently than the older generations are. To solve the over usage of social media, there is a solution that could work with all of the generations. For all the generations, there should be a way to turn off these platforms after a certain number of hours/minutes so the person using the application can finish what they were doing prior to getting hypnotized into the app. If an adult has to do something for their business or their job, or if a child has to do homework, the device should be able to block them from using it until after they complete their assignment, or until the time can be renewed on the device for another session of social media use. This would insure that the time used normally for playing on social media will The only time where social media could be used constantly is if a business has to connect with another for meetings or sharing details with each other. For example, a company selling paper to a client overseas will have to use some sort of social platform to communicate. A Skype call would be sufficient in this communication process. Only then can the method be vanquished. Without social media, these companies would not be able to communicate to exchange goods. Without companies exchanging goods, there would be no product to buy in any country around the world. Companies not using social media would make it incredibly difficult for products to be distributed throughout the countries. In conclusion, the concept of not using so much social media does not sound all bad. It would provide the people who use it constantly for entertainment time to focus on what is important in their lives, such as work or education.

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The Democracy Of The Classical Period Of Athens - 1619 Words

Democracy, the form of government in which there is a rule by the people, is said to have originated and thrived in the classical period of Athens, from 500-350 B.C.. Democracy inherently gave all that were considered citizens power to participate in politics. That being said, it is highly debated as to how much power the people, also known as the demos, exercised in this democracy. Many practices and informal institutions can be said to have limited the power of the demos. The democracy in Athens could be said to have been a democracy in theory yet not in practice, as can be proven through a variety of primary sources recounting Athenian political institutions and practices. Such primary sources that can demonstrate this include Herodotus’ History, Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War, and Demosthenes’ Oration Against Eubulides. Tyranny was the primary form of power that was in place prior the democracy of the classical period. In Herotodus’ History 1.59-63, Herotodus goes in depth on the tyrant Peisistratos, who assumed power as tyrant three times over the course of 360-340 B.C. (Herotodus 2). On his third attempt, he rallied support from partisans of the capital of Marathon and other country districts â€Å"who loved tyranny better than freedom† (Herotodus 1.62). Eventually, the tyranny began to become harsh on the Athenians through Pisistratus’ son Hippias (5.62), the tyranny was in turn overthrow , after a 36-year dynasty of the Pisistratid family ruling over theShow MoreRelatedComparing The And The Odyssey998 Words   |  4 Pagesforeigners. The main differences between Sparta and Athens were that Athens welcomed individuality and creativity while Sparta sought stability and conformity. Athens acted as free people and had a true democracy and was eager to learn new ideas. On the other hand the Spartans created little art and militaristically driven. 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Damages Australian Law

Questions: Paddy Periwinkle owns a prawn trawler, and has a licence to catch prawns which he obtained through the government department NT Fisheries. He pays his licence fee yearly, and was therefore allowed to catch prawns up to a specific quota. Paddy then sells the prawns to retailers throughout the Northern Territory and some to the southern fish-markets. In 2015 a new crew-member joined: Ashely Adams. Ashley was an experienced fisherman and deckhand, as he has been working in the industry for 30 years. He was always looking to make a quick buck. Ashley told Paddy that, as part of their by-catch (the marine-life caught in the nets by accident), if they caught any dugongs he had a friend he could sell them to. Ashley said he could sell one for $1,000, and he would give Paddy $400. Paddy knew dugongs were a protected species, but given that they would be dead by the time they were pulled up in the nets, he decided to make the deal. 5 dugongs were pulled up in a 3-week period. While at sea, the main freezer on the trawler started malfunctioning, compromising all the frozen prawns. Paddy took the trawler back to the coastal town of Nhulunbuy, and sold the prawns he had. Ashley took the 5 dugongs away, and then Paddy had a mechanic look at the freezer. Billy Bob (the mechanic) said it was the compressor, and the trawler needed a new one. Paddy bought a new compressor ($2,000) and had it installed ($1,500), and re-gassed ($1,500). He was in port for a week, losing approximately $10,000 in profit. A week later at sea, the freezer malfunctioned again, so Paddy returned. Paddy got Arthur, a new mechanic, to look at it more closely. It was not the compressor, but a faulty valve that was letting the gas escape. The repair cost was $200. In two hours they were back at sea, and the freezer is working perfectly. 1. Can Paddy make a claim against Billy Bob for his monetary losses? Explain why or why not, referring to the cause of action and what the outcome is likely to be. 2. Ashley gave Paddy $1,000 for his share in the illegal dugong sales. Paddys maths tells him he was owed $2,000. Can Paddy make a claim against Ashley? Explain why or why not, referring to the cause of action and what the outcome is likely to be. Answers: 1. Relevant laws: Under the common law of Australia, an implied promise is contained in a contract of service that reasonable care and diligence will be taken care of in performing the agreed services. If a breach of contract takes place, then the remedy available under the common law is: damages. Breach of contract can be part of a commercial transaction or a corporate. Howsoever, damages provided under common law are applicable to both. Damages means that monetary compensation, which is awarded in a civil action by the court to a person, who has been injured or suffered loss due to the wrongful behavior of the other party. In National Foods Milk Ltd v McMahon Milk Pty Ltd (No. 2) [2009] VSC 150 at [22-25]: It was held that common rule provides that it must be ensured by the court that if a person suffers loss on account of breach of contract, he is put in the same place, as far as possible through money in the form of damages, where he would have been, if the breach of contract had not taken place (Arthur, 2010). The following are the elements, which must be established for claiming damages for breach of a contract: The contract must have been breached. Cause of action, means the plaintiff must have suffered a loss due to defendants action. The loss suffered must not be remote. The conduct of the plaintiff must have been reasonable for mitigation of loss. For the first 3 elements, the burden of proof lies on the plaintiff, while of 4th one lies on the defendant. 1. Breach of contract: For claiming damages, it is necessary: first, there existed a contract between the two parties and the performance in a particular way or in a particular time must have been provided in express or implied terms and second, the breach of contract took place either in terms of time or in terms of an agreed standard. 2. Cause of action: It means that loss caused must have been a result of the breach of contract. 3. Remoteness: It implies that there must be a proximate link between breach of contract by one party and the loss suffered by the other. It is not necessary that the particular loss was foreseeable, it is sufficient that loss of that kind was. 4. Plaintiffs conduct: It implies that the plaintiff himself must not be at fault and should have taken reasonable measures for protecting the loss, else he cannot claim damages. Application of Law: 1. Breach of contract: In the given case, a contract definitely existed between Paddy and Billy Bob, as money for repair was supposed to be paid by Paddy for the repair of his trawlers freezer. Moreover, when repair services of Billy Bob were hired, it was implicit that he will exercise due diligence and care in the same and will provide the freezer in a perfect state after repair. Having charged a huge sum of $5000 for repair for the replacement of a wrong part of the freezer, Billy Bob failed to provide the amount of agreed standard of services and hence made a breach of contract. Paddy will be entitled to expectation damages to cover what Paddy expected to gain from the contract and the consequential damages compensate Paddy for indirect loss, apart from the contractual loss, meaning thereby loss incurred in business due to breach. In Gates v City Mutual Life Association, Society Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 1: The court held that in breach of contract, plaintiff is entitled to damages not only for the reliance loss (actual loss suffered due to relying on the contract), but also for the expected loss (estimated loss of business due to breach) (Damages. Consequential Damages. Notice, 1920). 2. Cause of action: It is clear from the facts of the case, the loss of Paddy arose naturally from the breach of contract by Billy Bob. If Billy Bob had provided the satisfactory and correct repair services, the freezer would not have stopped functioning again in a week and Paddy would not have suffered monetary loss. EH March v Stramare (E MH) Pty Ltd (1991) 171 CLR 506 at 515: In this case, Mason CJ said that it is the tradition of common law that determining the cause of a specific occurrence is a matter of fact depending on the facts of each case and must be ascertained by applying common sense to the circumstances of each case (Mitchell, 2011). 3. Remoteness: Again, the facts clearly prove beyond doubt that the Paddys loss was the direct result of the breach of contract by Billy Bob with regard to his repair services, hired by Paddy. Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch 341 at 354: Held that a loss can be recovered if it can be reasonably regarded that loss occurred as a natural course or arose in the ordinary course of things, that took place due to breach of contract (Coloma, 2008). 4. Plaintiffs conduct: In the given case, Paddy took adequate measures by remaining in port for a week and making enough expenses for the repair done by Billy Bob, so that the freezer worked properly in the future and the future loss could be protected. Thus, Paddy took all steps for mitigating the loss and is thus entitled to damages. Likely Outcome: As per the discussion and relevant case laws, given above, it can be concluded that all the elements required for a claim of damages under Australian law exist and hence Paddy is entitled to claim the monetary loss suffered by him on account of breach of contract made by Billy Bob. Thus, the likely outcome of the case is that Paddy will succeed in his claim for the expectation damages in business of $ 10,000 and the consequential damages of $ 5000 in the court. 2. Relevant law: The general principles of law of contract in Australia assume that all contracts are valid, until and unless it is proved otherwise. Oral contracts are as much enforceable as written contracts, if the following conditions of a valid contract exist: 1. Offer as well as acceptance: there must be a definite offer along with a valid acceptance. Acceptance should have been clearly communicated to the offerer. 2. Consideration: There must be me something which must be exchanged between the parties for the value. It is the price paid by one party for the fulfillment of the promise by the other party. 3. Intention: There must exist intention of both parties to enter into a legal agreement and, usually, a consideration is enough proof of such intention. 4. Capacity: Both the parties are competent to enter into a contract if the parties are not minor, drunk or mentally retarded. 5. Certainty: The contract must be clear and certain, so that the rights and obligations of both the parties are easily ascertained and can be enforced (Bloom, 2013). Application of law: In the given case, Ashley made an offer of payment of $ 400 for every dugong, caught by Paddy and Paddy agreed to the same. Thus, the condition of offer and acceptance was fulfilled. Secondly, $ 400 was the price paid by Ashley in exchange for the promise fulfilled by Paddy. Thus, there existed a valid consideration too, and this consideration proves that both of them had the intention to enter into a legally binding contract. Thirdly, it is evident from the facts that Paddy and Ashley were major and were capable of entering into contract and hence in other words, had the capacity to enter into a contract. Fourthly, the terms and the contractual obligations of the contract were clear and certain. Thus, all the necessary elements required for a valid contract exist and hence a valid contract was entered into between Paddy and Ashley. Moreover, Ashley paid only half of the total amount to Paddy, which was due according to the terms of the contract. Thus, as discussed in solution 1, a breach of contract was made by Ashley. Thus, a cause of action arises and Paddy can sue Ashley for breach of contract and may claim for the specific performance of the contract, which means strict compliance with the contract and may thus claim for the rest of the amount (Specific Performance of Contract: Contract Unenforcible, 1918). The following case laws can be referred: In County Securities Pty Ltd v Challenger Group Holdings Pty Ltd Anor [2008] NSW CA 190: The court held that usually in cases, the Australian courts recognize the principles of common laws with regard to contracts and in case of oral contracts the terms of the contract are determined according to the various facts and circumstances of a case. Likely outcome: Paddy is likely to succeed in the court in his case of specific performance of the contract and is likely to receive the rest $ 1000 from Ashley. References: Arthur, J. (2010).Damages and Equitable Compensation in a Commercial Setting. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.gordonandjackson.com.au/uploads/documents/seminar-papers/Damages_and_Equitable_Compensation_-_John_Arthur.pdf [Accessed 1 Feb. 2015]. Bloom, H. (2013).Contracts In Australia. [online] Harrybloom.com.au. Available at: https://harrybloom.com.au/contracts-in-australia/ [Accessed 1 Feb. 2015]. Coloma, G. (2008). Damages for Breach of Contract, Impossibility of Performance and Legal Enforceability.Review of Law Economics, 4(1). Damages. Consequential Damages. Notice. (1920).The Yale Law Journal, 29(3), p.354. Mitchell, T. (2011).CONTRACTUAL BREACH: CONSEQUENCES AND MONETARY REMEDIES. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://travismitchellbarrister.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/travis_mitchell_contractual-breach-consequences.pdf [Accessed 1 Feb. 2015]. Specific Performance of Contract: Contract Unenforcible. (1918).Michigan Law Review, 16(3), p.206.

Money and Banking free essay sample

Can you think of any financial innovation in the past ten years that has affected you personally? Has it made you better off or worse off? Why? Financial innovation has huge impact on our society. Those innovation are mostly making financial problems easier to deal with. For example ATM, e-banking†¦ Financial innovations are saving a lot of transaction costs. For me the best innovation was ATM. Where ever you go you can pull out you money from ATM little fee if you are not using your bank ATM machine. I am a student studying abroad, for me it was a big necessity to have international visa card to get my tuition, pocket money from my parents who leave in a different country. ATMs are very convenient to use, they are fast and no one else can know how much I have in my account (as a privacy). As another innovation is e-banking. We will write a custom essay sample on Money and Banking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can check my balance through internet. Really safe and convenient. 2. What affect might a rise in stock prices have on consumer’s decision to spend? If stock price goes up than consumer’s willingness to spend would also increase, because the return(dividend) is going to be high too. The wealth that people were afraid to invest will be pushed upon the market. When an institution who are selling stocks they raise their stock price when they see that in the future they are going to make more money. Thats why they are build a fund to invest their new project. But there are also lots of people without wealth they will stay the same.

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Test your trademark knowledge Test your trademark knowledge How much attention do you pay to trademarks? Mistakenly use one to refer to a generic product, and you can land yourself with a letter from the company concerneds trademark lawyers, and the need to write embarrassing apologies. While its OK to tweak trademarks slightly to bring them into line with standard English (for example More Than, rather than MORE THN), its not OK to use a trademarked name to describe a product not made by that company. In some cases, the horse has already bolted Hoover is now almost synonymous with vacuum cleaner, for example, regardless of the brand. But use Thermos to describe a vacuum flask not made by Thermos and youre on dodgy ground. Take our quiz to see how trademark-aware you are. For each item, decide whether its a current trademark, a lapsed trademark or a red herring. To make it more difficult, weve written them all with an initial capital. After you submit your answers, youll get an explanation of each one. JacuzziCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedCokeCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedHot DogCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedAspirinCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedLycraCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedTetra PakCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedEscalatorCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedBiroCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedHeroinCurrently trademarked Previously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedTannoyCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedMopedCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarkedPortalooCurrently trademarkedPreviously trademarked but now genericNever trademarked *Note: all answers accurate at the time of writing

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Radioimmunoscintigraphy using Prostascint (Capromab Pendetide) Essay Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies encountered among the men over the age of 65 years in the U.S. Proper treatment of patients with prostate cancer requires the determination of exact extent of cancer spread. Conventional imaging modalities like CT and MRI have proved to be of little use. Newer imaging modality involving radioimmunoscintigraphy using Prostascint has emerged as a useful diagnostic test for management of cases of carcinoma of prostate, particularly patients with localized disease and those showing evidence of recurrence following radiotherapy. Prostascint imaging serves as a reliable, noninvasive means of differentiating patients with organ-confined disease from those with metastatic spread to lymph. Following a positive Prostascint scan confirmatory studies (biopsy of involved sites) must be undertaken prior to initiation of a definitive surgical procedure. In the modern era, high quality fused images, using CT or MRI with Prostascint scans, obtained from using higher-resolution gamma cameras, have further increased the value of radioimmunoscintigraphy. However well designed randomized controlled trials in future are required to prove the exact clinical role of Prostascint imaging in cases of prostate cancer. Table of contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Analysis of Prostascint Imaging†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Applications of Prostascint imaging†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Newly diagnosed patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer.6 Patients with rising levels of PSA following prostatectomy†¦..7 Challenges associated with the use of Prostascint imaging†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Safety and precautions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 References/ bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦l5 Radioimmunoscintigraphy using Prostascint (Capromab Pendetide) Introduction Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies encountered among the men over the age of 65 years in the U.S. During the year 2004, in the U.S 230,110 men were registered with the diagnosis of carcinoma prostate, whereas 29,900 died from it. (Jemal et al, 2004). Following the diagnosis of prostate cancer, one of the most important challenges for the clinician is to estimate the exact extent of the cancer (cancer staging) in order to undertake a proper treatment plan, which would be able to cure the cancer in its entirety in early as well as late cases. Information needed to stage prostate cancer depends upon tumor size, location, extra-prostatic extension, lymphatic involvement and distant metastases (Neal Kelly, 2004). In more than one third of cases of prostate cancer, by the time cancer is diagnosed, it has frequently involved the lymph nodes outside the pelvis, the most common ones being the periaortic lymph nodes (Neal Kelly, 2004). Treatment options and prognosis of localized cancer of prostate is different from the cases where the cancer has spread into the lymph nodes, contradicting the use of both surgery and radiotherapy, which works well for the localized disease. Hormone therapy and recently taxane based chemotherapy is used for the treatment of advanced disease (Neal Kelly, 2004). Presently the prediction of lymph node metastasis is not very accurate because, in the vast majority of cases, tissue examination for evaluating spread of cancer is based on biopsies involving a limited sample of the area with possible lymphatic spread. Conventional imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting soft tissue metastasis, suffer from many disadvantages, which limits their use for this purpose (Neal Kelly, 2004). Lymphography as a diagnostic modality for visualization of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, following injection of radio opaque material in a lymphatic vessel has also proven to be inaccurate (Wolfgang, 2003). Significant advancements in the field of medical imaging have enabled the accurate estimation of cancer spread to a large extent. One such imaging technology is radioimmunoscintigraphy with Prostascint, which would be discussed in this paper. Analysis of Prostascint Imaging Radioimmunoscintigraphy is a nuclear medicine imaging technique which detectsn  signal from a radio labeled antibody that recognizes prostate tissue (Wolfgang, 2003). The most commonly studied monoclonal murine antibody for this purpose is (7E11-C53), capromab pendetide conjugated with the linker-chelator glycyl-tyrosyl-(N, ÃŽ-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid)-lysine commonly known as Prostascint. In the most commonly used type of radioimmunoscintigraphy, Prostascint which has been radio labeled with indium-111(In-111) is given, followed by nuclear medicine imaging or SPECT imaging (Keane, Rosner, Wingo, McLeod, 2006). The most studied target for prostate cancer is the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a glycoprotein expressed by prostate tissue, which is produced both by benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells. However it is expressed more abundantly in patients with prostate cancer, hormone-refractive disease, and prostate cancer metastases (Keane et al, 2006). Thus immunoscintigraphy is dependent on the degree of PSMA expression rather than the actual size of a metastatic lesion or the increase in the levels of PSA (prostate specific antigen). Applications of Prostascint imaging Prostascint (Capromab Pende ­tide) is commonly used as a diagnostic imaging agent, which shows significantly improved sensitivity for extra-prostatic cancer detection compared with conventional imaging modalities (Keane et al, 2006). According to the literature review by Keane et al, (2006), Prostascint, received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 1996 for its use as an imaging agent for the following purposes: (1) For the staging of patients, who have been recently diagnosed with histologically proven localized prostate cancer and are at a high risk for soft tissue metastases or (2) For the restaging of post prostatectomy patients with a rising PSA level. These applications of Prostascint have been described below in details: Newly diagnosed patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer Prostascint imaging should be considered after a definitive diagnosis of localized prostate cancer, as proven by standard diagnostic investigations including chest x-ray, bone scan, CT scan, or MRI, which have been made prior to the initiation of definitive therapy in form of surgery or radiotherapy. Prostascint is not indicated in patients who are not at high risk for developing metastatic disease (Hinke et al, 1998). In fact it is especially administered to those patients who are at a high risk for pelvic lymph node metastasis as shown by an intermediate to high Gleason grade (a system for grading prostate cancer depending on the degree of differentiation of the malignant cells under a microscope) or by other diagnostic investigations carried out to evaluate the disease spread. In a study by Hinke et al (1998), scan positive extraprostatic regions, especially lymph nodes, following initial treatment, were histologically evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of Prostascint imaging in   detection of extraprostatic disease was found to be 75% and   86% respectively, whereas the accuracy was found to be 81% and the positive predictive of Prostascint imaging in   detection of extraprostatic disease was found to be 79%. Thus, the study by Hinke et al (1998) shows that In-111 capromab pendetide (Prostascint) imaging has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for detecting prostate cancer by having a significant impact on patient management through its detection of occult extra-prostatic disease in more than 50% of prostate carcinoma patients studied, and information regarding the presence of lymph node metastasis. It also shows that Prostascint imaging serves as a reliable, noninvasive means of differentiating patients with organ-confined disease from those with metastatic spread to lymph nodes and complements other modalities including prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and clinical staging. Since Prostascint imaging can help predict the future involvement of lymph nodes in patients at high risk for extraprostatic disease it can therefore help in the selection of patients who may not benefit from definitive local therapy in form of surgery or radiotherapy. Patients with rising levels of PSA following prostatectomy Despite the ability of radical prostatectomy to eradicate prostate carcinoma, biochemical evidence of recurrent prostate carcinoma, in form of elevation in the serum PSA levels above the limit of detection may be seen in approximately 40% of patients, 15 years after they undergo surgery. The PSA test may become positive many years prior to a change in the bone scan or before the emergence of clinical evidence of recurrence (Neal Kelly, 2004). In more than 33% of cases the disease may recur locally in the prostatic fossa or regional lymph nodes or at distant sites. The presence of cancer recurrence requires further treatment in form of local salvage treatments or systemic therapy (Neal Kelly, 2004). Salvage therapy in form of external beam radiation may provide a therapeutic benefit only to those patients who have a localized recurrence. On the other hand, systemic therapy like hormonal therapy is usually recommended for patients with disseminated disease (lymphatic or metastatic spread) (Neal Kelly, 2004). Traditionally, most patients who show elevated serum levels of PSA post-surgically undergo a computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen and pelvis or bone scintigraphy. The detection of tumor deposits on CT scans is size dependent i.e. the size of the tumor deposits should be more than 10–15 mm prior to detection. Further more, CT scan is not able to differentiate whether the lymph node is enlarged due to the presence of inflammation or metastasis (Neal Kelly, 2004). Thus the finding of radiographically enlarged lymph nodes is not diagnostic of carcinoma. Recurrence of prostate cancer after radiotherapy presents several challenges for the clinician regarding appropriate management. It is of utmost importance to identify correctly those patients with persistent localized disease and the potential to benefit from curative therapy (Keane et al, 2003). The localization of the extent of recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy is especially important for patients showing rising levels of PSA after prostatectomy and are being considered for salvage radiation therapy. However this is difficult with presently available techniques and may greatly influence subsequent clinical management (Raj, Partin, Polasiik, 2002). Prostascint imaging would greatly help in providing solution to this problem. Patients showing a positive result with radioimmunoscintigraphy, demonstrating that the cases with disease spread outside the pelvis can be spared inappropriate treatment, with radiotherapy, thus helps in reducing the associated morbidity and expense (Keane et al, 2006). Raj et al (2002) conducted a study to determine the use of indium- 111 labelled Prostascint imaging to detect recurrent prostate carcinoma radiographically in men with early biochemical evidence of failure (serum PSA levels less than or equal to 4.0 ng/mL) and tried to assess the minimum rise in serum PSA level, which would be necessary for imaging recurrent disease. Preoperatively, all patients had negative bone scans and negative lymph nodes on histopathological biopsy, and they did not undergo   any therapy including   hormonal ablation, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy preoperatively or postoperatively until the (111)In labeled Prostascint imaging was performed. The results of this study demonstrated that the Prostascint imaging is capable of detecting recurrent disease irrespective of level of serum PSA increase. Postive results on prostascint imaging were associated with significant increase in the probability of having recurrent disease. Furthermore 42.8% of patients demonstrated regional uptake in prostatic fossa with or without regional lymph nodes. Almost one-third of patients (30.6%) had local uptake only in the prostatic fossa. These results are in agreement with the known fact that one-third of prostate tumors that recur after prostate surgery occurs locally within the prostatic bed. Thus a positive Prostascint scan results can help classify the patients into two clinically useful categories, i.e.   those with local disease and those with distant recurrent disease, which are candidates for subsequent salvage treatment protocols. Challenges associated with the use of Prostascint imaging   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Imaging with indium In-111 capromab pendetide is technically challenging, requiring high degree of attention to anatomical details, which is not normally necessary with most nuclear medicine studies. The image quality of Prostascint imaging is observed to widely vary among different institutions depending on the method of image acquisition, the skills of the interpreting radiologist, and the resolution of cameras used for SPECT scanning (Wong, Turkington, Polascik, Coleman, 2004). Thus Prostascint imaging requires special training of the involved health care professionals in the field of nuclear medicine, utilizing this technique. Interpretation of the images requires the nuclear medicine physician to become familiar with detailed anatomy of the pelvis in order to read through the normal uptake patterns seen with this drug. On being given sufficient training and experience, the study can become routine for most nuclear medicine departments. Some of the limitations associated with the use of Prostascint scan include, relatively low spatial resolution and low detection efficiency of medium-energy collimators used in the past for detection of In-111 photo peaks; nonspecific localization of monoclonal antibodies in the blood, bowel, bone marrow, and prostate gland and lack of anatomic information on the part of the radiologist to localize accumulation of radiotracer (Wong et al, 2004). In order to improve upon the image quality, diagnostic accuracy and to discover a practical and efficient method of imaging, free from the above described problems, increasing degree of research has been done to improve image resolution. Over the past 5 years, significantly greater image resolution from improved camera technology and the use of co-registration to fuse functional images provided by radioimmunoscintigraphy with anatomic imaging scans such as CT or MRI (Wong, et al 2004). The fusion of these images helps in fusion of anatomical image (obtained on CT or MRI) and physiological image (obtained through Prostascint imaging), thereby considerably improving the resolution of fused image. Keane et al (2006) have reported an accuracy of 83% with fused images. The use of dual-head gamma cameras with a much higher resolution, to co-register the functional single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) image and an anatomic image (CT or MRI) has also made a dramatic difference in prostate cancer detection with the Prostascint imaging (Keane, (2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wong et al (2004) conducted a study in which they tried to improve the diagnostic accuracy of this examination by using hybrid gamma camera–CT technology. Imaging was performed on a dual-head scanner with an integrated CT scanner built onto the same rotating gantry as the camera heads (for SPECT scanning). Wong et al reached the conclusion that evaluation of extraprostatic disease in the pelvis and lower abdomen may also be facilitated by the combined SPECT-CT images. However, the sample size of this study was too small to reach any definitive conclusion. In future, larger well designed, randomized controlled studies are required in order to definitely prove the advantage of this type of scanning in comparison to conventional Prostascint imaging. Safety and precautions Certain precautions which must be observed at the time of Prostascint imaging as   highlighted in a study by Raj et al (2002) are as follows: Prior investigations have demonstrated that 111In-capromab pendetide immunoscintigraphy is safe, with mild adverse effects and minimal increase in the levels of antibodies directed against murine antibody levels (Raj et al, 2002). There is a theoretical risk for occurrence of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in patients who receive murine antibodies. Although serious reactions of this type have not been observed in clinical trials after administration of Indium In-111 Prostascint, Raj et al (2002) have suggested that emergency medications for the treatment of anaphylactic reactions should be available during admin ­istration of this agent. confirmatory trials in the future Due to difficulties in image interpretation, Prostascint imaging is associated with high rate rates of false positive and false negative image interpretation results.   Thus patient management should not be solely based on ProstaScint scan results without appropriate phase three confirmatory trials in the future. Positive Prostascint scan results should be followed by further confirmatory tests (e.g. histopathological analysis). Also these images should be interpreted only by physicians who have had specific training in Indium In-111 Prostascint image interpretation. High False positive scan rates associated with Prostascint may be detrimental to patient care by resulting in inappropriate surgical intervention in patients who had been cured of their primary cancer and have no cancer recurrence. On the other hand, inappropriate denial of curative therapy may occur in case results are not confirmed. Positive Prostascint scanning can also result in inappropriately high stage on sur ­gical staging if only areas of uptake are sam ­pled. Surgical sampling should not be limited to the areas of positive uptake, unless histologic examination Of these areas has yielded positive results Bone scans are more sensitive than Prostascint scanning for the detection of metastases to bone. Thus Prostascint scanning should not replace bone scan for the evaluation of skeletal metastases. Prostascint imaging involves use of radiopharmaceuticals, which must be used only by physicians and other health care professionals who are qualified for handling and using radionuclides. Care should be taken to minimize radiation exposure to patients and medical per ­sonnel, consistent with proper hospital and patient management procedures. Due to delayed clearance of In- 111 Prostascint and post scan localization in the bowel, blood , kidneys, and bladder, most researchers suggest that bladder   should be catheterized and irrigated when obtaining SPECT images. A cathartic must also be administered the evening before imaging the patient, and a cleansing enema should be administered within an hour prior to each imaging session. Conclusion From the above discussion it becomes apparent that Prostascint imaging using indium In-111 capromab pendetide offers important additional information to physicians who treat and manage prostate carcinoma patients. In the patients with primary disease, prostascint imaging should be considered after a definitive diagnosis of cancer has been made, prior to surgery or radiation therapy, when there is high risk for pelvic lymph node metastasis. Prostascint imaging serves as   a reliable, noninvasive means of differentiating patients with organ-confined disease from those with metastatic spread to lymph nodes and complements other indicators of metastatic disease like PSA, Gleason score etc. A positive Prostascint scan serves as an indicator for undertaking confirmatory studies  Ã‚   (biopsy of involved sites) prior to initiation of a definitive surgical procedure. In the modern era, high quality fused images (with CT or MRI) obtained from using higher-resolution gamma cameras, have confirmed the value of radioimmunoscintigraphy. However well designed randomized controlled trials in future are required to prove the exact clinical role of Prostascint imaging in cases of prostate cancer. References Hinke, G.H., Burgers, J.K., Neal, C.E., Texer, J.H., Kahn, D., Williams, R.D., et al. (1998). Multicenter radioimmunoscintigraphic evaluation of patients with prostate carcinoma using indium-111 capromab pendetide. Cancer, 83(4), 739-747. Jemal, A., Tiwari, R.C., Murray, T., Ghafoor, A., Samuels, A., Ward, E. et al (2004).   Cancer Statistics, 2004. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 54, 8-29. Keane, T.E.,   Rosner, I.L., Wingo, M.S.,    McLeod, D. J. (2006). The Emergence of Radioimmunoscintigraphy for Prostate Cancer. Reviews in Urology, 8 (Suppl 1), S20–S28. Neal, D.E., Kelly, J.D.(2004). The prostate and seminal vesicles. In Russell, R.C.G., Williams, N. S., Bulstrode (Eds.), C.J.K.Bailey and Love Short Practice of Surgery. 24th Edition. (pp. 1370-1387). London: Oxford University Press. Raj, G.V., Partin, A.W., Polasiik, T.J. (2002). Clinical utility of indium 111-capromab   pendetide immunoscintigraphy in the detection of early, recurrent prostate carcinoma after radical prostatectomy. Cancer, 94(4), 987-96. Wolfgang, Dahnert. 2003. Radiology review manual: Nuclear medicine. 5th Edition.   Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Willikins: (pp.1080). Wong, T.Z., Turkington, T.G., Polascik, T.J., Coleman, R.E. (2005). Prostascint   (Capromab Pendetide) Imaging Using Hybrid Gamma Camera–CT Technology. AJR, 184, 676-680.

Nishida Kitarôs Studies of the Good and the Debate Concerning Universal Truth in Early Twentieth-C :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Nishida Kitarà ´'s Studies of the Good and the Debate Concerning Universal Truth in Early Twentieth-Century Japan ABSTRACT: When Nishida Kitarà ´ wrote Studies of the Good, he was a high school teacher in Kanazawa far from Tokyo, the center of Japanese scholarship. While he was praised for his intellectual effort, there was no substantive agreement about the content of his ideas. Critics disagreed with the way he conceived of reality and of truth as contained in reality. Taken together, I believe that the responses to Nishida's early work give us a window on the state of Japanese philosophy in the early twentieth century. In what follows, I give evidence for the existence of such a debate about the nature of truth and reality. After a sketch of Nishida's position (in which scientific truth is made subordinate to an all-encompassing divine truth), I outline the positions of two other contemporary thinkers: Katà ´ Hiroyuki and Takahashi Satomi. With respect to Nishida, they offer markedly different takes on the question of universal truth: Katà ´ favors an antireligious, scientific positivism w hile Takahashi accepts an existentialist notion of radical human finitude, in which human access to any certainty is denied. I conclude that one is confronted with a lively debate by Japanese philosophers inside Japan about the definition of truth and consequently about the nature of reality. Nishida Kitarà ´ (1870-1945) wrote the essays that make up Studies of the Good while a high school teacher in Kanazawa, in the hokuriku region on the Japan sea, far from the center of scholarship in Tokyo. The essays originally appeared separately in various journals and in 1911 were published in book form. From the publication of the first essay, "Concerning the Nature of Reality", in Tetsugaku zasshi, the journal of the philosophy seminar at Tokyo Imperial University, Nishida faced a number of direct and indirect critiques. While his intellectual effort was highly praisedone person proclaiming that such a level of accomplishment . . . would have been unattainable for anyone but a true scholarthere was no such agreement about the content of what Nishida had written. Critics disagreed with the way he conceived of reality and of truth as contained in reality. Taken together, I believe that the responses to Studies give us a window onto the state of philosophizing in Japan in the earl y twentieth century. The responses show that four decades into the program of opening up to the West, philosophers in Japan were in full-scale debate about the nature of truth and reality.

Information Systems Technolog Essay

Information systems technology changes and the well-managed implementation thereof can indeed be such a difficult undertaking for organizations. Though the adaptability of the employees and the management – and oftentimes, the customers as well – largely vary from one industry to another, it does remain that the shift from the old ways to the new ones is not always a welcomed development. The lessons that can be learned from the case of the Workers’ Compensation Board (WCB), as cited by the Bert Painter, are as well applicable to other companies that have similarly transformed their information systems into advanced and more efficient ones. One of the advantages afforded by better information systems is increased productivity in the workplace, which usually translates to higher income levels for the company. Not all functions, though, can be reduced to formulas and technical processes – like those of Claims Officers in WCB. But putting aside the tasks that thrive on the personal touch, creativity and imagination, as well as duties that require the exercise of judgment and the use subjective discernment, there will definitely be big changes in the entire organization. Information systems technology changes are commonly sought by management as a way to reduce wastage in terms of company resources and manpower hours, based on the accumulated employee hours devoted to such outmoded routines as sending via fax the same sheets to a number of customers. However, systems upgrading should always go with adequate change management, as cited by Bert Painter. This way, heightened efficiency at work will be achieved without causing any employee to feel displaced and demoted. The complication that goes with replacing the information and network system of a company should not be underestimated. It definitely brings in a lot of equally awkward and uneasy consequences – the necessary trainings for the employees, the shortcomings of the systems and the employees’ reactions thereto, and the removal from the organizational chart of job posts that are hence rendered useless. These issues have to be properly handled. As Prof. Khalifa has written, high-technology solutions usually are not welcomed as positive developments by people who are prone to be adverse to change. Thus, managing change involves leading the people in the organization to overcome the natural inertia that makes change not easy to implement. There are lessons, too, that Bert Painter did not so much dwell on. For one, it must be understood that the setting up of the company’s improved systems by itself will not boost the revenues generated and will not endear the company to its customers. The same improved systems also will not help the company win the loyalty of its employees. Thus, the interrelationships of people within the organization must not tend toward becoming less personal, not even if more and more old routines that used to foster camaraderie among them are becoming obsolete. Furthermore, there are alignment difficulties that will have to be dealt with during the critical learning stage. In the case of WCB, some of them already have taken form. In such a situation, it is important that professional Information Technology (IT) groups with impressive track records be tapped to address the company’s needs throughout the transition phase. It will entail costs to avail of their services, but it will save the company from losing more in terms of adverse consequences of a poorly managed transition. Without a doubt, the successful upgrading of information systems will, in the end, turn out to be the right move. Work Cited Khalifa, Mohamed. Introduction: Evolving Role of IT. Khalifa, Mohamed. Fundamentals of E-Business.

The Department Of Health Care Services - 1272 Words

The Department of Health Care Services is at the very top of the VCRC organizational structure. Caregiver Resource Center the Board of Director. Then it comes down to the Executive Director, Program Manager, and the staff: family consultants/ social worker, office assistant, data entry, and volunteer or students. Is it a public, nonprofit, or for-profit organization? Valley Caregiver Resource Center is a non-profit organization that had been serving Fresno, Madera, Tulare, Kings, Merced, Stanislaus, Mariposa, Kern, and Tuolumne for over 30 years. VCRC is publicly funded and also receives donations. All the donation the agency received goes toward the services VCRC provides. VCRC has two main funding to help their clients. The agency†¦show more content†¦One social worker is assigned to two counties. Sometimes one social worker will work with several counties due to his bilingual skill. Other job positions are the office assistant, data entry, and the volunteers or students. The manager is the one responsible and the one to supervise the front-line workers and the interns at the agency. He is the one with the Master of Social Work, so all interns are under his supervision. He makes sure that everything the social workers or family consultants follow protocol calls and work professiona lly. He tells the front-line worker what to do and also responsible in disciplining the worker. The manager is also responsible for grant spending and the amount to be spent. Clients are either referral to VCRC or call in on their own to seek for services. Clients just need to explain their situation and concern, do an intake and they will be asses to see if they are eligible for services. Once clients are eligible they can request the care and assistants they need. In support groups clients can volunteer to help talk and answer any questions that other caregivers may have. The classes and support group allow the client to get their voices heard. VCRC usually get their feedback by mailing out surveys to client to fill out. The survey responses are all anonymous because the client who is filling out the survey personal information are not on the survey. Client usually write thankyou letters when their cases